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| Ceramic pottery painting: Reinventing the Artisan Spirit |
The development of glaze color of ancient Chinese ceramic pottery painting is from unglazed to glazed, and from monochrome glaze to multi-color glaze, then from underglaze to overglaze, and gradually developed into underglaze and overglaze combined painting of five colors, bucket color, of which underglaze and overglaze color is most commonly used, glaze color is mostly applied to Tableware and other daily-use porcelain, colored porcelain is painted on the billet first, glazed and then fired into the kiln is called underglaze color.
Just glazed into the kiln after firing porcelain and then painted, and then baked by the furnace fire into the color porcelain, called glaze color. Ming Chenghua years created underglaze blue outline line added glaze color "doucai", Jiajing, Wanli years of firing into the edge of the blue without blue and directly with a variety of color depiction of the five colors, are famous treasures.
Porcelain in China's Qing Dynasty was further developed on the basis of the outstanding achievements of the Ming Dynasty, porcelain technology reached a brilliant state. The Su San Cai and Wu Cai of the Kangxi period, the Yongzheng and Qianlong pastels, and enamels of the Qianlong period are all famous for their fine quality.
Underglaze color is mostly used in the production of blue and white porcelain, divided into light depiction, mixed water, and so on. Underglaze color is a major means of decoration of porcelain, is the use of color in the formation of dry billet (i.e., semi-finished products) on the drawing of various decorations, and then covered with white transparent glaze or another light-colored surface glaze, into the kiln once fired.
For example, underglaze red is one of the decorative techniques of porcelain underglaze, created in the Yuan Dynasty, is to contain metal copper elements as coloring agents painted on the surface of the porcelain billet according to the desired pattern, and then covered with a layer of colorless transparent glaze, and then into the kiln at 2462 ° F / 1350 ℃ above the high-temperature reduction flame atmosphere in a firing.
We usually see underglaze porcelain, underglaze red porcelain, underglaze red glaze, underglaze tri-color porcelain, underglaze five-color porcelain, etc. is the sub-category of underglaze porcelain.
1. Light depiction and mixed water
Only use blue and white material to outline the lines of the pattern, the color is light and gentle, very much like the Chinese painting of white, this kind of blue and white painting is called light drawing; and mixed water (also called water sharing) is in the outline of the blue and white outline, with different thicknesses of blue and white material water rendering fill color, very much like the Chinese ink painting "ink in five colors" flavor.
2. Pinch carving and engraving
Porcelain sculpture in a pinch carving, also known as "pinch flowers", belongs to the ceramic sculpture decoration, it is mainly hand-kneading, supplemented by its work, a small amount of porcelain clay in the palm of the hand with rubbing pick pressure technique can be combined into a variety of flowers and birds, exquisite and detailed production, the shape is very realistic; if it is carved on the billet with a knife according to the line drawings, you can make carved porcelain In the surface of the blank that has not yet dried, using bamboo or iron tools to carve out various shades, the area of different ornaments, this carved decoration of porcelain covered with transparent glaze can be sent to the kiln to be fired.
3. Glaze color
The glaze color is one of the main decorative techniques of porcelain, which is to use various color materials to draw various ornaments on the glaze of the fired porcelain, and then the second kiln, low-temperature curing of color materials, usually including painted porcelain, pastel porcelain, color ground porcelain, and enamel porcelain.
The history of painted porcelain on glaze is long, and the tomb of Fan Cui in the sixth year of Wuping of the Northern Qi Dynasty (575 AD) has unearthed quite exquisite white and green colored ware, and many Jin Qing ware can also be seen on Hecai dots. The first truly mature glazed ware known for its painted decoration was found at Changsha kiln in the Tang Dynasty.
But the really fine and beautiful color ware is still the five-color and pastel ware of Kang, Yong, and Qian dynasties of the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the Yongzheng Famille-rose wares are the best, both in terms of the delicacy of the production process and in terms of the painting skills.
The enamels were famous for a long time, and the price of the enamels was sky-high, and they were rare. The five colors on the enamel, pastel is the glaze color. Underglaze mixed color is first fired into underglaze color (i.e., directly on the porcelain fetal painting patterns, transparent glaze high-temperature firing, mainly cyanotype), and then painted with overglaze color inappropriate parts, into the furnace low-temperature second firing.
The main varieties are five-color, pastel, new color, ink color, gold, etc. The glaze color is mainly divided into the process of seeing color, selecting porcelain, ringing material, scoring color, starting draft, shooting pictures, rubbing material, writing porcelain, filling color, writing a paragraph, etc. It is one of the more tedious manufacturing processes in ceramic painting.
How to judge whether a ceramic pottery painting is of high quality
Look at the color and choose the right ceramics
From the kiln out of the porcelain, need special people according to the variety, specifications, quality is good or bad to check and select, generally divided into the color (excellent), two colors (good), three colors (general), foot goods (poor) four levels, this process is commonly known as seeing color, in essence, is to identify product quality.
In addition to the need for glaze painting of porcelain, according to the provisions of the pairing (such as vases, etc.), the matching (such as tea sets tableware), etc.
The porcelain painting process is beautiful, in the development times, people are increasingly appreciative of porcelain painting, along with the increase in demand will now have the appliqué process, appliqué process because the process is simple, in reducing the cost of porcelain at the same time, but also to the bad porcelain maker to the opportunity of the second-best.
To judge whether the porcelain hand-painted, the usual way is to carefully watch the glaze surface there is no grid, no matter how detailed the appliqué process, in the printing will always glaze a more regular grid or color dots.
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